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OPENSTEP was, for a short time, adopted by Sun and HP. NeXTSTEP underwent an evolution into OPENSTEP which separated the object layers from the operating system below, allowing it to run with less modification on other platforms. Īll but abandoning the idea of an operating system, NeXT managed to maintain a business selling WebObjects and consulting services, only ever making modest profits in its last few quarters as an independent company. It also supported the innovative Enterprise Objects Framework database access layer and WebObjects application server development environment, among other notable features.

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This environment is known today in the Mac world as Cocoa. It featured an object-oriented programming framework based on the Objective-C language.

NeXTSTEP was based on the Mach kernel developed at CMU (Carnegie Mellon University) and BSD, an implementation of Unix dating back to the 1970s.

Several macos monterey features intelbased macs for mac os#

The hardware was phased out in 1993 however, the company's object-oriented operating system NeXTSTEP had a more lasting legacy as it eventually became the basis for Mac OS X. As the first workstation to include a digital signal processor (DSP) and a high-capacity optical disc drive, NeXT hardware was advanced for its time, but was expensive relative to the rapidly commoditizing workstation market. It was updated to macOS 14.1 Sonoma on the 2nd of November that same year.ĭevelopment Development outside Apple A diagram of the relationships between Unix systems including the ancestors of macOSĪfter Apple removed Steve Jobs from management in 1985, he left the company and attempted to create the 'next big thing', with funding from Ross Perot and himself. The current major version, macOS 14 Sonoma, was announced on Jat WWDC 2023 and released on September 26 of that year.

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Starting with Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar, big cat names were used as marketing names starting with OS X 10.9 Mavericks, names of locations in California were used as marketing names instead.

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Mac OS X 10.0 and 10.1 were given names of big cats as internal code names ('Cheetah' and 'Puma'). MacOS retained the major version number 10 throughout its development history until the release of macOS 11 Big Sur in 2020.

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The operating system was further renamed to 'macOS' starting with macOS Sierra.įrom the introduction of machines not supporting the classic Mac OS in 2003 until the introduction of iPhone OS in early 2007, Mac OS X was Apple's only software platform.

Lion was referred to by Apple as 'Mac OS X Lion' and sometimes as 'OS X Lion' Mountain Lion was officially referred to as just 'OS X Mountain Lion', with the 'Mac' being completely dropped. Starting with the Intel build of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, most releases have been certified as Unix systems conforming to the Single UNIX Specification. The macOS Server app was discontinued on Apand will stop working on macOS 13 Ventura or later. Starting with Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, macOS Server is no longer offered as a standalone operating system instead, server management tools are available for purchase as an add-on. Since then, several more distinct desktop and server editions of macOS have been released. The desktop version aimed at regular users- Mac OS X 10.0-shipped in March 2001. It was built using the technologies Apple acquired from NeXT, but did not include the signature Aqua user interface (UI). MacOS was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0. To ease the transition for users and developers, versions through 10.4 were able to run Mac OS 9 and its applications in the Classic Environment, a compatibility layer. The transition was a technologically and strategically significant one. Īlthough it was originally marketed as simply 'version 10' of Mac OS (indicated by the Roman numeral 'X'), it has a completely different codebase from Mac OS 9, as well as substantial changes to its user interface. However, the current macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from the 1980s until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. That system, up to and including its final release Mac OS 9, was a direct descendant of the operating system Apple had used in its Mac computers since their introduction in 1984. The history of macOS, Apple's current Mac operating system formerly named Mac OS X until 2011 and then OS X until 2016, began with the company's project to replace its 'classic' Mac OS.